Patrones espacio-temporales en la abundancia y biomasa de peces loro (Perciformes: Scaridae) en la costa norte de la República Dominicana
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Publicado
jul 25, 2024
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Resumen
Los arrecifes de coral en la República Dominicana han experimentado un declive acelerado debido a una serie de estresores locales y globales. La extracción comercial de peces loros (géneros Scarus y Sparisoma) ha llevado a la reducción de las poblaciones de estas especies y a la degradación de los arrecifes de coral debido al papel central que tienen estos organismos en el control del crecimiento de algas. En un intento de revertir este problema, las autoridades ambientales establecieron vedas para estas especies en 2017, 2021 y 2023, cada una con una duración de dos años. Sin embargo, la necesidad de líneas base que permitan entender la variabilidad espacial y temporal natural de estas poblaciones, dificulta cualquier intento de evaluación de la efectividad de las regulaciones. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de un programa de monitoreo orientado a evaluar la variabilidad espacial y temporal de estas especies a lo largo de la costa norte de la República Dominicana. Para ello utilizamos un diseño espacial jerárquicamente anidado cubriendo dos escalas: (1) localidad (cientos de kilómetros) como factor aleatorio con tres niveles (Punta Rucia, Sosúa y Samaná) y sitios anidados (cientos de metros) dentro de localidad, cada uno monitoreado tres veces al año. En cada sitio se monitorearon 5 transectos de 30 x 2 m ubicados en el contorno del arrecife sobre los cuales se estimó la abundancia de peces loro siguiendo el protocolo de AGRRA. Las tendencias temporales de los ensamblajes de peces fueron variables a escala de sitios en 2021 (Permanova, gl = 8, F = 2.3573, p-valor = 0.001, CV = 19.51) y 2022 (Permanova, gl = 4, F = 2.7869, p-valor = 0.001, CV = 20.97), indicando que estas especies son altamente dinámicas en espacio y tiempo. Nuestros resultados resaltan la importancia del entendimiento de la variabilidad espacial y temporal de los peces loro, si se quiere diseñar mejores medidas que ayuden a su efectiva protección en el país.
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Palabras Clave
peces herbívoros, arrecifes de coral, monitoreo, veda, Caribe central
Referencias
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Clarke, K. R., & Warwick, R. M. (2001). Change in marine communities. An approach to statistical analysis and interpretation, 2, 1–168.
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Croquer, A., Zambrano S., Irazabal, I., & Torres, R. (2022). Factores globales y locales que inciden sobre la degradación de los arrecifes coralinos: una revisión para la República Dominicana. AULA Revista de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales, 68(1), 31–60.
Davis, K., Carlson, P. M., Lowe, C. G., Warner, R. R., & Caselle, J. E. (2017). Parrotfish movement patterns vary with spatiotemporal scale. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 577, 149–164. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12174
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Zambrano, S., Croquer, A., Evangelista, D. Y., King, S., Delance, J., & Romero-Mujalli, D. (2024). Patrones espacio-temporales en la abundancia y biomasa de peces loro (Perciformes: Scaridae) en la costa norte de la República Dominicana. Novitates Caribaea, (24), 19–36. https://doi.org/10.33800/nc.vi24.355
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